FREQUENCY OF THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PRESENTING TO SAIDU GROUP OF TEACHING HOSPITAL, SWAT

Y ABBAS; W KHAN

doi:10.54112/pjicm.v5i02.135

Authors

Y ABBAS Department of General Medicine, Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals, Swat, Pakistan
W KHAN Department of General Medicine, Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals, Swat, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/pjicm.v5i02.135

Keywords:

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Thyroid Dysfunction, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism

Abstract

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to shared pathophysiological mechanisms, including insulin resistance and autoimmune processes. Identifying its prevalence in diabetic populations is essential for early diagnosis and management. Objective: To determine the frequency of thyroid dysfunction in patients with T2DM presenting to Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital, Swat. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Medicine, Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital, Swat. Duration of Study: 11 July 2024 to 11 January 2025. Methods: A total of 185 patients aged 27–75 years with confirmed T2DM (defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL, HbA1c ≥6.5%, or documented antidiabetic medication use for ≥3 years) were included. Thyroid dysfunction was defined as hypothyroidism (TSH <0.5 mIU/L in males, <0.4 mIU/L in females) or hyperthyroidism (TSH >4.15 mIU/L in males, >4.5 mIU/L in females). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and stratification was performed by gender and family history. Results: The mean age of participants was 51.50 ± 14.31 years. The mean TSH level was 2.69 ± 1.47 mIU/L. Males constituted 103 (55.7%) and females 82 (44.3%) of the study population. Overall, thyroid dysfunction was observed in 46 (24.9%) patients, with higher frequency among females and those with a family history of thyroid disease. Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction was present in approximately one-quarter of T2DM patients. Screening for thyroid disorders, particularly in females and individuals with a positive family history, may improve patient outcomes through earlier detection and management.

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