ROLE OF BUBBLE CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE (CPAP) IN RESPIRATORY DISTRESS IN PRETERM NEONATES

M AFTAB; E ROSHAN; K HAYYAT; M UZAIR; M MATEEN; S JAVED

doi:10.54112/pjicm.v5i01.42

Authors

M AFTAB Department of Paediatric, Sughra Shafi Medical Complex Narowal, Pakistan
E ROSHAN Department of Paediatric, Sughra Shafi Medical Complex Narowal, Pakistan
K HAYYAT Department of Paediatric, Sughra Shafi Medical Complex Narowal, Pakistan
M UZAIR Fauji Foundation Hospital Jhelum, Pakistan
M MATEEN Department of Paediatric, Sughra Shafi Medical Complex Narowal, Pakistan
S JAVED Department of Paediatric, Sughra Shafi Medical Complex Narowal, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/pjicm.v5i01.42

Keywords:

Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Neonates, bCPAP

Abstract

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in preterm infants. Non-invasive ventilation strategies, such as bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP), have been shown to reduce the need for mechanical ventilation and improve pulmonary outcomes by preventing alveolar collapse and enhancing functional residual capacity. However, the efficacy and success rates of bCPAP in neonates with RDS require further evaluation. Objective: To assess the success rate of bCPAP therapy in neonates with RDS and determine factors influencing treatment outcomes. Study Design: A descriptive case series. Setting: Department of Pediatrics, Sughra Shafi Medical Complex, Narowal. Duration of Study: Six months, from March 7, 2023, to September 7, 2023. Methods: A total of 193 neonates diagnosed with RDS, meeting the inclusion criteria, were enrolled in the study. bCPAP failure was defined as the need for a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) >40%, CPAP pressure >10 cm H₂O, surfactant administration, or mechanical ventilation. Data were collected on demographic and clinical parameters, including gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, and Downe’s score. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25. Data stratification was performed based on gender, age, birth weight, gestational age, Apgar score, and baseline Downe’s score. The Chi-square test was used to determine associations, with a p-value of ≤0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 193 neonates, 128 (66.3%) were male, and 65 (33.7%) were female. The mean age of neonates was 16.35 ± 6.534 days, with a mean gestational age of 35.41 ± 5.341 weeks. The mean birth weight was 2735.41 ± 18.413 grams. The mean Downe’s score at baseline was 7.48 ± 1.104, and the mean Apgar score was 7.55 ± 2.35. The success rate of CPAP therapy was observed in 176 (91.2%) neonates. Conclusion: bCPAP is a highly effective non-invasive respiratory support modality for neonates with RDS, demonstrating a high success rate. These findings underscore the importance of early CPAP intervention in reducing the need for mechanical ventilation. Further studies are warranted to explore factors influencing CPAP failure and optimize neonatal respiratory care strategies.

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